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Chapter 1: Introduction



Problem 1.14:

Carbon dioxide flows through a constant area duct. At the inlet to the duct, the velocity is 120 m/s and the temperature and pressure are 200oC and 700 kPa, respectively. Heat is added to the flow in the duct and at the exit of the duct the velocity is 240 m/s and the temperature is 450oC. Find the amount of heat being added to the carbon dioxide per unit mass of gas and the mass flow rate through the duct per unit cross-sectional area of the duct. Assume that for carbon dioxide, γ=1.3.

Solution:

Given: \( \gamma=1.3 \)
\( A_{1} = A_{e}=A \), \( V_{1} = 120\,\text{m/s} \), \( T_{1} = 200^{\circ}\,\text{C} = 473\,\text{K} \), \( p_{1} = 700\,\text{kPa} \),
\( V_{e} = 240\,\text{m/s} \), \( T_{e} = 450^{\circ}\,\text{C} = 723\,\text{K} \).

To calculate: \( \dot{q}/\dot{m}=? \), \( \dot{m}/A=? \).

The schematic diagram of the problem description is shown in Fig. 1.


Schematic diagram of problem

Using the molar mass of cardon-dioxide \( \left(\text{CO}_{2}\right) \) as \( 12\times1_{\text{C}}+16\times2_{\text{O}}=44\,\text{kg/kmol} \) and the universal gas constant as \( 8314\,\text{J/kmol-K} \), the gas constant can be written as,

$$ R=\frac{R_{u}}{\hat{m}}=\frac{8314}{44}=188.95\,\text{J/kg-K}\ . $$

The heat capacity at constant pressure can be calculated as,

$$ c_{p}=\frac{\gamma\,R}{\gamma-1}=\frac{1.3\times188.95}{1.3-1}=818.78\,\text{J/kg-K}\ . $$

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Applying the conservation of energy principle,

$$ c_{p}T_{1}+\frac{V_{1}^{2}}{2}+\dot{q}/\dot{m}=c_{p}T_{e}+\frac{V_{e}^{2}}{2} $$ $$ 818.78\times473+\frac{120^{2}}{2}+\dot{q}/\dot{m}=818.78\times723+\frac{240^{2}}{2} $$

We can solve for the heat added per unit mass to be,

$$ \dot{q}/\dot{m}=818.78\times723+\frac{240^{2}}{2}-818.78\times473-\frac{120^{2}}{2} $$ $$ \boxed{\dot{q}/\dot{m}=226295\,\text{J/kg}}\ . $$

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The density at the inlet can be calculated using the ideal gas equation to be,

$$ \rho_{1}=\frac{p_{1}}{R\,T_{1}}=\frac{700\times10^{3}}{188.95\times473}=7.8323\,\text{kg/m}^{3} $$

The mass flow rate,

$$ \dot{m}=\rho_{1}A_{1}V_{1} $$

which gives the mass flow rate per unit area as,

$$ \dot{m}/A=\rho_{1}V_{1}=7.8323\times120 $$ $$ \boxed{\dot{m}/A=939.876\,\text{kg/s-m}^{2}}\ . $$



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Sourabh Bhat